RESULTS: Undernutrition was pervasive, and maize was the dominant food in the children's complementary diets. In both studies, half of the households were provided with QPM seed and the other half with seed of an improved conventional maize variety. METHODS: The first study used a cluster-randomized design with 151 children aged 5 to 29 months the second study used a completely randomized design with 211 children aged 7 to 56 months. OBJECTIVE: Two 1-year, randomized, controlled studies were undertaken to measure the effect of QPM on the nutritional status of children consuming typical maize-based diets when QPM was cultivated by their households in the western Ethiopian highlands. Several studies in controlled settings have indicated the positive impact of QPM on the nutritional status of children. Quality protein maize (QPM) consists of maize varieties biofortified with increased lysine and tryptophan levels. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-microbial efficacy of clarithromycin in asthma exacerbation caused by respiratory tract infection.Д«ACKGROUND: Undernutrition is a persistent problem in Africa, especially in rural areas where the poor largely depend on staples and have limited access to a diverse diet. To our knowledge, no study has ever been carried out on the effect of intravenous clarithromycin followed by oral administration in acute exacerbation of asthma patient with respiratory tract infection in Indonesia. 10,11 Therefore, clarithromycin is expected to accelerate clinical improvement of asthma exacerbation caused by respiratory tract infection. 9 The interaction as an antibiotic and the anti-inflammatory effect may increase airway responsiveness and improve clinical symptoms in asthma patients.

5-8 Clarithromycin, a macrolide, has an anti- inflammatory effect through several mechanisms such as neutrophil migration, oxidative burst of phagocytes and anti-inflammatory cytokines production. In addition to their antimicrobial activity, they are also associated with muco-regulatory and anti-inflammatory activities. Macrolides are active drugs against atypical bacteria, which are commonly found in asthma patient. Several studies have indicated that macrolides are wide spectrum antibiotics which may be given to asthma patient.

Those most vulnerable to the SARI is the children and the malegenderso that frequency of cases and deaths is higher in this group. Data showed that deaths in children 60 years was12% with more deaths in children cases 7.4 % than in adult5 %. Severe Acute Respiratory Infection ( SARI ) pneumonia is an acute infection process oflung tissues with symptoms including fever, cough and difficulty breathing.

Askep bronchopneumonia pdf